Passport checks at airports and border gates present a special challenge: How do you tell if the person standing in front of you is the same person whose picture is in the passport? Border and customs officers solve this problem using the complex mechanisms ingrained in the human visual system through billions of years of evolution. It’s not a perfect process, but it works well most of the time. In the realm of artificial intelligence, this is called the “one-shot learning” challenge. In a more abstract way, can you develop a computer vision system that can look at two images…

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